Opportunistic behavior is the
notion that one party will take advantage of a specific circumstance given the
choice in order to benefit their own self interests. This type of behavior may
range from a criminal robbing a store at gun point to a company taking
advantage of cheap labor in another country in order to produce a product.
Although these two circumstances are very different, they both potentially
display opportunistic behavior in the sense that one party is promoting their
own self-interests with disregard of the consequences whether directly or
indirectly on others.
More specifically, a robber would
directly harm the store owners and society as a whole in order to expand his
economic interests. A company that outsources its production process to a
country where there are trade advantages would benefit the company at the
expense of its laborers. These are simply general examples of where
opportunistic behavior can be clearly seen. In the real world however,
opportunistic behavior can be difficult to see because of the lack of
information. It’s difficult to often see the true intentions or incentives that
drive a certain individual or party. The application of the concept of
opportunistic behavior is especially prevalent when it comes to economics in
the sense that this type of behavior can be seen as being unethical or immoral.
Societal values dictate whether a certain choice is acceptable or not. There is
often conflicting values between the self-interests of an individual and what
is acceptable, but this is not mutually exclusive. Individuals can pursue their
own self-interests without negatively affecting others or by even bettering
others as well.
One example in which I have
personally experienced the chance of behaving opportunistically was when I was
faced with the decision of whether or not to sell my tickets to a concert that
I had purchased. I was faced with a dilemma of whether I should go to this show
and ultimately decided not to go because my friends could not attend this
concert with me. Since this was a sold out show, the demand for tickets was
incredibly high. I had seen multiple people asking for these tickets through
online media such as facebook and craigslist demanding tickets for above the
market price. Ticket scalping is an example of opportunistic behavior in which
people sell tickets above the market price for shows that are sold out or with
incredibly high demand. It is often looked down upon but not enforced
whatsoever through local laws. I had initially bought my ticket for $30 and I
advertised my concert ticket to my friends on facebook. I had multiple offers
of $100+ from a few of my friends but I ultimately decided to forgo this
economic profit by selling it for what I had paid for to one of my close
friends.
I decided not to behave
opportunistically in order to benefit my self-interests because I looked at the
situation as simply helping out my friend. Another reason that I believed that
I did not act opportunistically was because I wanted to be seen as an ethical
individual. People often look down upon ticket scalpers because their business
practice revolves entirely on acting opportunistically in order to promote
their economic interests. In the end, my choice to sell my ticket for the base
value was definitely worth it in my opinion. My friend was wholeheartedly
appreciative of being able to buy my ticket and he later gave me free tickets
to another concert.
On your first example - out and out theft would probably not be considered opportunism. It is clearly taking advantage of somebody else, but it is also breaking the law. So we should probably focus on those cases where there is taking advantage but there is not criminality.
ReplyDeleteOn the scalping, I've been on the other side of the fence - buying scalped tickets for a basketball game. I guess my sense of ethics is different, but on that one I simply think of it as there is a market. The price stamped on the ticket being below the market price may happen for a variety of business reasons - its a form of advertising, for example - but when demand is high and there are a fixed number of seats, they should be allocated efficiently.
Giving the tickets as a gift (the difference between the market price and the face price on the ticket) is a fine thing to do and a good way to preserve a friendship. But if your friends didn't know you had the tickets ahead of time, it would be hard to see the harm had you sold the tickets at the market price.
I think it is interesting that you brought up the example of selling concert tickets opportunistically. I do disagree somewhat that you believe selling to make a profit for concert tickets is an opportunistic behavior. Since you were smart enough to buy your ticket early, that is why you purchased them at a $30 price. Since there are others who did not do so, I think it is only necessary that they pay extra because they were at fault for not purchasing a ticket early enough before the concert sold out. In the scenario of concert tickets I believe that if you are selling your ticket last minute to anyone you should always make some sort of a profit (not an extreme amount, $10 would be fine). It makes sense to me because you are doing your buyer a favor by having the availability of that ticket.
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